There aren't simple answers to most of your questions; we don't know the inner workings of archery damage calculations well enough to just plug in numbers and spit out a value.
That being said:
-Crit chance should be identical to a Warrior's melee crit chance
-Strength has no impact on ranged damage
-Arrow damage, as far as I know, is added directly to bow damage before anything else
-Even with the perfect conditions you listed, archery damage will not be comparable to melee damage
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